While electromagnetic fields cannot penetrate far into good conductors, they can be guided long distances by them. Distributed objects can have energy stored in electric fields through capacitance, and in magnetic fields by inductance; the interplay between these can give rise to an energy flow. Transmission lines and waveguides ae used to transport electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies from one point in a system to another without radiation of energy taking place.
- Teacher: JOSEPHINE PON GLORIA J